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Topic: Business
Number of pages / Number of words: 2 / 525
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and tech. system(1960s) Described the existence of mechanistic and organic structures and stated their effectiveness with specific types of environmental conditions and technological types

Systems theory-(1970s): Represented organizations as open systems with inputs, transformations, outputs, and feedback; systems strive for equilibrium and experience equifinality

Contingency theory (1980s): Emphasized the fit between organization processes and characteristics of the situation; called for fitting the organization's structure

Principles of Scientific Management

? describe and bread down the task to its smallest unit; science for each element of work

? restrict behavioral alternatives facing worker-remove worker discretion in planning, organizing, controlling

? use time and motion studies to find one best way to do work

? provide incentives to perform job one best way-tie pay to performance

? use experts (industrial engineers) to establish various conditions of work


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? people try to satisfy one class of need at work: economic need

? no conflict exists between individual and organizational objectives

? people act rationally to maximize rewards

? we act individually to satisfy individual needs

Human relations Assumptions

? organizations are social systems, not just technical economic systems

? we are motivated by many needs

? we are not always logical

? we are interdependent; our behavior is often shaped by the social context

? informal work group is a major factor in determining attitudes and performance of individual workers

? management is only one factor affecting behavior; the informal group often has a stronger impact

? job roles are more complex than job descriptions would suggest; people act in many ways not covered by job descriptions

? there is no automatic correlation between individual and organizational needs

? communication channels cover both logical/economic aspects of an organization and feelings of people

? teamwork is essential for cooperation and sound technical decisions

? leadership should be modified to include concepts of human relations

? job satisfaction will lead to higher job productivity

? management requires effective social skills, not just technical skills

SCHOOLS OF HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THEIR COMPONENTS BY DECADE

Org...


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/ Outline How Different Types Of Organizational Structures May Enhance Or Inhibit Performance. Organization Can Be A Stressful Place In Which To Work, Thus Stress Management Is Becoming An Important Issue At Work. It Can Be Argued That The Responsibility For Stress Management Lies With Both The Organization And The Individuals Who Are, Or C... organizations as open systems The Increasing Application Of Scientific Management Principles Of Work The improving conditions of flexible work are blurring the world of work, but it is a useful form of flexible contract for employers. Critically examine this Contention? There are different types of economic systems, how each of these types deals with the economic problem? To what extent does the Human Relations Approach to the design of work and management of people represent an improvement over work designed and managed according to the principles of Scientific Management? types of economic systems What are the motivating characteristics of work? Discuss with reference to well-known theories of work motivation. Work Team Effectiveness & Organization Culture Knowledge Management Systems (Kms) In Organization: A Collaborative Model For Decision Makers Can a work of art have value regardless of who creates it? Can, and should, we look past the character of the artist - however immoral we consider them to be - and simply experience and esteem the work itself? Distributed VS Centralized Systems in the MasterCard Organization Identifying at least two characteristics of both open systems and interoperability The impact of Information Systems on business process design (or redesign), managerial roles, and the changing world of work

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